Opus Battery Charger, 1.17: Ions - Chemistry LibreTexts. About featured snippets•FeedbackPeople also askYou will see more English now.Why is the charge on a Sulphur ion − 2 − 2?What is the ion of Sulphur?What charge does sulfur 2 have?Feedback Dust Coats, How to Find the Ionic Charge for Sulfur (S) - YouTube. 2:46Using a simple, general trend for the ionic charge for elements on the Periodic Table, in this video we find the ionic charge for Sulfur (S) .YouTube · Wayne Breslyn · Oct 9, 20195 key moments in this video Promariner Battery Charger Problems, What is the charge that an ion formed from sulfur would .. Feb 9, 2021 — Since sodium ions are normally +1, the two sodium ions are +2, so the sulfur is given a formal charge of 2-, to balance the charge.2 answers  ·  1 vote: Let’s see the electron configuration of the Sulphur,S(16): 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4If we .What is the charge of sulfur? - Quora4 answersAug 20, 2015Why does a sulphide ion have a -2 charge? - Quora5 answersApr 17, 2020A potassium ion has a charge of 1+ and a sulfur ion .2 answersJan 16, 2019Why does sulfur have -2, +4 and 6? What should I .1 answerAug 29, 2015More results from www.quora.com Rent Battery Charger, When a sulfur (s) atom becomes an ion, what charge does .. Thus, sulphur when turned into ion it carries the charge of [ - 2], as sulphur usually gains two electrons to get stability.1 answer  ·  Top answer: Hint: Chemical elements have the electrons in their orbitals and try to attain inert or noble gas configurations to get stability. As the noble gases . Schumacher 2/10/50 Amp Battery Charger Manual, Connecting the Group Number with the Charge of an Ion .. 2:55A sulfur atom is neutral and has no charge. But in becoming the sulfide anion, the neutral atom gained two negatively charged electrons. This .Nagwa Limited · Jun 26, 2021 Service Battery Charging System Chevy Equinox, When a sulfur (s) atom becomes an ion, what charge does .. May 24, 2018 — And while other oxidation states are available, sulfur does readily form sulfide ion, S2− .……. S(s)+2e−→S2−.1 answer  ·  Well, sulfur is a Group 16 NON-METAL.Explanation:And thus we might expect its chemistry to mirror that of oxygen, which commonly forms an O2− . Smartech Battery Charger, The net charge on a sulfide ion, S^2 , is 2 . How does this .. The net charge on a sulfide ion, S2, is 2. How does this ion obtain its charge? Medium.1 answer  ·  Top answer: A neutral sulfur atom gains 2 electrons.Explanation:An ion can only be formed when a neutral atom gains or loses electrons.Since electrons carry a . Snap On Battery Charger Plus, The most common sulfur ion has a charge of: a) 2- b) 1. As it gains 2 electrons, there will be 2 more negatively charged electrons than the positively charge protons giving it a 2- charge. Hence, the answer is a).1 answer  ·  Top answer: To determine the common charge of a neutral atom, we look at its electron configuration. For sulfur with 16 electrons, we can write its electron configuration . Sony Np Bx1 Battery Charger, How does a Sulfur -2 ion differ from a neutral Sulfur atom?. Dec 8, 2015 — S2− ions has 8 electrons, and therefore bears a 2- minus charge. Explanation: Sulfur in thioether, R . Stanley Battery Charger Reconditioning Mode, Naming monatomic ions and ionic compounds (article). Therefore, we predict that the most common charge on a sulfur ion will be 2-. Concept check: What ionic compound would you predict to form in a reaction . Adidas Retropy E5 Crystal White, represents a sulfur ion with a charge of -2. a) True b) False. S 2 − represents a sulfur ion with a charge of -2. a) True. b) False · Question: · Ions: · Answer and Explanation: 1. Taser X26 Battery Charger, Atomic charges of sulfur in ionic liquids: experiments and .. by RM Fogarty · 2018 · Cited by 24 — Only small differences in individual atomic charge of sulfur were observed between lone ion (GP) and ion pair IL(SMD) model systems, indicating that ion–ion . 10ft Android Charger, What is the ionic charge of sulfur?. Home > Community > What is the ionic charge of sulfur? + Physical chemistry · + Atoms · + Chemistry · L.M. Lalko image. L.M. Lalko • Follow Following. Micro Usb Charger For Android, Forming ions - Ionic compounds - AQA Synergy. The charge is negative, since sulfur is a non-metal. The charge on the ion is (8 - 6) = 2-. Question. Iodine is in group 7. Porsche Mobile Charger Plus, What is the charge of S atom in SO3?. The valence electron of the sulfur atom is six. Structure of Sulfur trioxide SO 3 : The number of nonbonding valence electron is zero. The total number of .1 answer  ·  Top answer: Formal chargeThe formal charge is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule based on the assumption that electrons in all chemical bonds are evenly shared . T Mobile Hotspot Charger, What is the charge that an ion formed from sulfur would have?. · Translate this pageJul 2, 2023 — Sulfur could potentially form ions with different charges under extreme conditions or in specific chemical compounds. However, in general, . Core Innovations Laptop Charger, Photoionization of singly charged sulfur ions in the extreme. by B Kristensen · 2002 · Cited by 7 — The absolute single- and double-photoionization cross sections of singly charged sulfur ions have been measured from 20 to 200 eV by merging a 2 keV beam of . Ellen Tracy Coats, Common Ionic States of the Elements. PDFSULFUR. 16. Se2-. SELENIUM . +1. +2. +3. -3 -2. -1. Common Ionic States of the Elements. H+. HYDROGEN. 1. Element name. Common ionic state. Atomic number. Fitbit Charge 5 Swimming, Sulfur | The Periodic Table at KnowledgeDoor. Our sulfur page has over 300 facts that span 107 different quantities. . γ-monoclinic sulfur, solid, 298 K . ion charge: +4, coordination number: 6 . Iphone 5c Charger, sulfur ion charge sulphide formula - Novin Trades. Jun 30, 2023 — The charge of a sulfur ion depends on its electron configuration. The most common sulfur ion is the sulfide ion (S2-), which forms when sulfur . Iphone Charger Meme, Lewis Structures. Sulfate is a polyatomic ion with 1 sulfur (6 valence electrons), 4 oxygens (4 x 6 valence electrons = 24 e-) and a charge of -2 (2 valence electrons). Iphone Xs Max Charging Port, Atomic charges of sulfur in ionic liquids. PDFby RM Fogarty · 2018 · Cited by 24 — Only small differences in individual atomic charge of sulfur were observed between lone ion (GP) and ion pair IL(SMD) model systems, indicating that ionion . Usb C Charging Stand, Images for charge of sulfur ion. by G Clark · 2016 · Cited by 35 — We find that sulfur is predominantly multiply charged, whereas oxygen is more evenly distributed between singly and doubly charged states. In . Extension Cord For Tesla Charger, Names and Charges of Ions. Feb 24, 2012 — However, sulfur atoms require two electrons to complete their outer energy level. To satisfy the octet rule for all atoms, two sodium atoms are . Tesla Charging Stations Fort Lauderdale, Charge state evolution of 2 MeV/u sulfur ion passing .. by M Imai · 2007 · Cited by 9 — Charge state distribution and its evolution for 2.0 MeV/u sulfur ions after passing through 0.9, 1.1, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.7, 6.9 and 10 μg/cm2 carbon foils . Tesla Charging Stations Oahu, Chemistry Chapter 6 Learning Check Flashcards. An ion of sulfur with 18 electrons gives sulfur a charge of 2−. The sulfide ion is S2−. Write the formula and symbol of an ion with 16 protons and 18 . Emily Coates Nude, Chapter 3 - Ions, Ionic Compounds, and Nomenclature. PDFthe kind of ion formed (anion or cation) and the size of the ionic charge. . S-‐2 is the ion formed from sulfur and its name is sulfide ion. Anker 323 Charger, Photoinduced trapping of charge at sulfur vacancies and .. by TD Gustafson · 2021 · Cited by 3 — Doubly ionized sulfur vacancies (⁠V2+S⁠) are also present in the as-grown crystal (where they serve as charge compensators for the Cu+ ions). For temperatures . Heyday Wall Charger, The most common sulfur ion has a charge of __________.. Oct 24, 2017 · 1 answerElemental sulfur actually has 16 electrons with a neutral charge. The most common sulfur ion that is formed is the sulfide ion which has a . Jbl Charge 4 Reset, SO42- Lewis Structure (Sulphate ion) - Facebook. 4:41It is a chemical formula for Sulfate ion. . Um you will see that sulfur has the formal charge of zero because there are six balance .Facebook · Geometry Of Molecules · Aug 24, 2021 Ipad Charging Carts, Sulfate. Sulfates are salts of sulfuric acid and many are prepared from that acid. Sulfate. The structure and bonding of the sulfate ion. The distance between the sulfur . Ipad Charging Station Classroom, 10. Ions and Ionic Compounds. Because the ammonium ion has a 1+ charge and the sulfide ion has a 2− charge, we need two ammonium ions to balance the charge on a single sulfide ion. Ipad Pro 5th Generation Charger, SOLVED: The most common sulfur ion has a charge of .. So, the most common sulfur ion has a charge of $boxed{-2}$. Video Answers to Similar Questions. Best Matched Videos Solved By Our Top Educators.4 answers  ·  Top answer: In this problem, we have to calculate formal charge on the given molecule. That's all . Enteric Coating Fish Oil, How to calculate the formal charge of sulfate ion?. Apr 27, 2013 — Sulfate ion has two valid structures that you could draw, one with sulfur having a formal charge of zero and one with sulfur having a formal .2 answers  ·  Top answer: Your formula is correct. If V is the number of valence electrons originally assigned to an . Dell Inspiron 1545 Charger, How does sulfur forms its ion?. Nov 8, 2013 — Add your answer: ; Sulfur forms an ion with a charge of? Minus two in sulfides: S2- ; What the ionic formula for zinc and Sulfur? Zinc forms Zn+2 . Dell Latitude E5420 Charger, Is sulfur a cation or anion. 3 days ago — What is the charge on its ions, and is the charge positive or negative? The charge is negative, since sulfur is a non-metal. Desk With Charging Ports, X-RAY SIGNATURE OF CHARGE EXCHANGE IN L-SHELL .. by M Frankel · 2009 · Cited by 12 — However, little is known about the X-ray emission from L-shell ion in general, and L-shell sulfur ions in particular, which may play a role in producing the . Lg Stylo 6 Charging Port Problems, Stripping features of 2-MeV/u sulfur-ion beams penetrating .. by M Imai · 2022 — The dynamics of charge-state fractions of sulfur-ion beams stripped by carbon foils at 2.0 MeV/u is investigated as a function of the initial-ion charge . Nintendo Ds Charging Port, FDIONIC18 Atomic Charges of Sulfur in Ionic Liquids. Request PDF | FDIONIC18 Atomic Charges of Sulfur in Ionic Liquids: Experiments and Calculations | Experimental near edge X-ray absorption fine structure . Nintendo Switch Lite Charging Port Repair Cost, Ionic Charges Chart CHEMISTRY: A Study of Matter. PDFRoman numeral notation indicates charge of ion when element commonly forms more than one ion. For example, iron(II) has a 2+ charge; iron(III) a 3+ charge. Ermine In Its Brown Coat, Thiocyanate Ion (SCN-) Formal Charge. Thiocyanate Ion (SCN–) Formal Charge · Sulfur. V = 6, N = 4, B = 4. Therefore, formal charge on sulfur is given by,. qf = 6 – 4 – 4/2 = 0 · Carbon. V = 4, N = 0, . Oculus Quest 2 Charging Port Melted, Question: the charge of the ion formed by Sulfur is?. 1 answerthe charge of the ion formed by Sulfur is? This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core . Dsr Jump Box Charger Cord, Sulfide passivation of III-V semiconductor surfaces. by VN Bessolov · 1998 · Cited by 20 — hardness of sulfide ions with different charges as a function of the . It is shown that the hardness of a sulfur ion is greater when its charge is lower. 2022 Charger Scat Pack For Sale, Sulfur | Definition, Element, Symbol, Uses, & Facts. Jun 26, 2023 — Such sulfides are ionic compounds containing the negatively charged sulfide ion S2−; these compounds may be considered as salts of hydrogen . 2022 Dodge Charger 0-60, SO42- Formal charge, How to calculate it with images?. Dec 29, 2022 — ∴ The formal charge on the Sulfur (S) atom in [SO4]2- is 0. For single-bonded oxygen atoms.The overall formal charge on2-: -2Name of the molecular ion: SulfateThe formal charge on the S-atom: 0Chemical formula: 2- Etro Coat, NCEA Level 1 Science (90944) 2015 Assessment Schedule. DOCExplains that because the aluminium ion has a charge of +3 and the sulfide ion has a charge of –2, the ratio of aluminium ions to sulfide ions is 2:3 in . 2022 Dodge Charger Sxt 0-60, SO 4 2- .Lewis Structure (Sulfate ion) - chemistry school. After, marking electron pairs on atoms, we should mark charges of each atom. Each oxygen atom will get a -1 charge and sulfur atom get a +2 charge. The overall . Charging Crystals Lunar Eclipse 2022, An α -particle (mass 4 amu) and a singly charged sulfur ion .. An α -particle (mass 4 amu) and a singly charged sulfur ion (mass 32 amu) are initially at rest. They are accelerated through a potential V and then allowed . 510 Thread Usb Charger, The most common sulfur ion has a charge of a 2 b 1 c. The most common sulfur ion has a charge of A 2 B 1 C 4 D 6 E Sulfur does not from CHM 1045 at Miami Dade College, Miami. Rating: 5 · ‎10 reviews Festival Coat, Trends in Ionic Charge: Meaning & Levels. When a nonmetal atom gains an electron, it turns into a negatively charged ion, known as an anion. In ionic bonding, ions are formed when atoms gains or lose . Philips Surge Protector With Usb Charging, Chart of Common Charges of Chemical Elements. Jul 18, 2022 — Table of Common Element Charges ; 15, phosphorus, 5+, 3+, 3- ; 16, sulfur, 2-, 2+, 4+, 6+ ; 17, chlorine, 1- ; 18, argon, 0. Gay Charger Fans, [Solved] What is the formal charge on sulfur in SO2 a 2 b 1 .. The formal charge on a sulfur atom in SO2 is equal to zero. This indicates that option c is the correct answer. Like. 0 .1 answer  ·  Top answer: The correct answer is option c.According to the lewis structure of SO2,The central atom is sulfur (S) and it is bonded with 2 oxygen atoms through . 24 Amp Ev Charger, Electron configuration of sulfur ion. Example: Chlorine atomic # 17 Halogen Family/Group 7A Neutral (but not stable) The sulfide ion with a charge of negative 2 has the Argon Noble gas . 32 Amp Vs 40 Amp Ev Charger, Mysterious X-ray signal does not originate from dark matter. Sep 2, 2016 — Charge exchange instead of dark matter: An X-ray signal from . They can thus specifically produce the highly charged sulfur ions desired. Best Ev Charger Installers Ga Ev Charger Installers, Oxidation numbers of sulfur in the thiosulfate ion. Oxidation numbers are the charge an atom might be imagined to have when electrons are counted according to an agreed set of rules. Delta Ev Charger, An α particle (mass = 4amu) and a singly charged sulfur ion .. An alpha particle (mass = 4amu) and a singly charged sulfur ion (mass 32 amu) are initially at rest. They are accelerated through potential .Doubtnut · 3 weeks ago Adidas Retropy E5 Orange, Know All About Sulfite Ion and Its Main Tests From PraxiLabs. Jun 18, 2023 — A sulfite is an ion that is made of one sulfur atom and three oxygen atoms; it has a charge of two minus (-2). Ev Charge Controller, The Chemistry of Oxygen and Sulfur. Each O2 molecule must gain four electrons to satisfy the octets of the two oxygen atoms without sharing electrons, as shown in the figure below. reaction. Ev Charger Sign, Actual Oxidation State versus Average Oxidation State. - the yellow sulfur that is directly bonded to 3 oxygen atoms will acquire a charge of +5 when it forms an ion. Hence oxidation state of that yellow sulfur is + . Ev Charging Stations Albuquerque, Beryllium symbol of ion. 16 hours ago — 3Using a simple, general trend for the ionic charge for elements on the . Be2+ beryllium ion S2- sulfide Mg2+ magnesium ion Se2- selenide . Final Coat, Is sulfur a cation or anion. . YetA sulfur ion is known as an anion, or a negatively charged ion. . In the second row, write the symbol for the ion that an atom of sulfur is mostly . Ev Charging Stations St Louis, 3.5 keV - Charge exchange with bare sulfur ions. by L Gu · 2015 · Cited by 94 — Charge exchange with bare sulfur ions. L. Gu1, J. Kaastra1,2, A. J. J. Raassen . Ev Charging Stations Tampa, KLL Dielectronic Recombination of Highly Charged Sulfur .. by S Ali — Highly charged sulfur and silicon ions are present in astrophysics and laboratory plasmas [7, 8]. Accurate atomic data for these ions is therefore needed . Ev Charging Stations Tucson, Mysterious X-Ray Signal Most Likely from Sulfur Ions, Not .. Sep 6, 2016 — Charge exchange instead of dark matter: An X-ray signal from clusters of galaxies, which researchers have so far not been able to explain, could .Nuclear Science Abstracts. 1975 · ‎Nuclear energySULFUR 34 / PRO TON REACTIONS SUBJECTS 1036 SULFUR 34 / PROTON REACTIONS Cross . states : polarization charge density effects associated with heavy ion .Laboratory Measurements Of Charge Exchange Spectra .. Projectile solar wind ions include L-shell ions of sulfur, i.e. fluorine-like S7+ through carbon-like S10+. At present, there is no laboratory tested model .EQUILIBRIUM CHARGE STATE DISTRIBUTIONS OF .. by R Ambros · 1972 · Cited by 13 — . ELECTRON LOSS; FOILS; ION BEAMS; OXYGEN 16 BEAMS; SULFUR 32; SULFUR IONS; VAN DE GRAAFF ACCELERATORS; SULFUR ISOTOPES S-32/charge-state .General : Charge of iron in Pyrite/Marcasite. Jul 20, 2006 — The latter consist of two sulphur atoms joined by a covalent bond. Their oxidation number, therefore is -1 and the charge on both atoms is 1-.Van der Waals Ferroelectrics: Properties and Device .. Juras Banys, ‎Andrius Dziaugys, ‎Konstantin E. Glukhov · 2022 · ‎Technology & EngineeringGenerally, a high effective charge and a big polarizability of anionic clusters . collapse of the sulfur ionic size (which is related to charge transfer).Dark Matter In Astroparticle And Particle Physics - .. Hans Volker Klapdor-kleingrothaus, ‎Geraint F Lewis · 2008 · ‎Science. Negative Ions Pairs (NIPs), was summed for each Carbon and Sulfur ion energy. . (v) range in CS2 as a function of ionization charge (NIPs) created.Sulfur protons neutrons electrons. ionsymbolprotonsneutronselectronsPotassium-40 with a 2+ charge Sulfur-32 . If there are more electrons than protons, the ion has a negative charge and is .Lewis structures - csbsju - College of Saint Benedict. Sulfur will have a charge of plus two. A different way to draw the structure would include double bonds between sulfur and two of the oxygen atoms. That .Radiation Detection and Measurement. Glenn F. Knoll · 2010 · ‎Technology & EngineeringThe energy measurement of fission fragments or other ions of large mass involves several special concerns. Most stem from the high density of charge .Potassium and Sulfur form an ionic compound, how does this .. When sulfur receives these two electrons, it is ionised itself, becoming an ion with a 2- charge. The difference in charge between the two 1+ potassium ions .For each of the following molecules or ions of sulfur and .. Jun 27, 2023 — For each of the following molecules or ions of sulfur and oxygen, . and calculate the oxidation numbers and formal charges on all the .1 answer  ·  Top answer: hey everyone. We're asked to provide a single lewis structure for our Tillery ion that obeys the octet rule and to determine the formal charges on each .The most common sulfur ion has a charge of. 1 answerAnswer: The most common sulfur ion has a charge of -2. Rating: 4.7 · ‎607 reviewsPopulation of high-L sulfur Rydberg levels by ion. by FJ Deck · 1993 · Cited by 28 — A fast beam of sulfur Rydberg atoms is formed by charge exchange from an 11-keVbeam of S+ ions in a crossed thermal rubidium beam, laser-excited to the .Formal charge: what they didn't tell you in your chemistry .. Dec 3, 2018 — The formal charge of sulfur is 0. Screen Shot 2018-12-03 at 9.54.30 PM. Anything other than preferred number of bonds with expanded octet, .formulas and nomenclature of ionic and covalent compounds. PDF(A cation is a positively charged ion; an anion is a negatively charged ion.) . Thio- implies replacing an oxygen with a sulfur: SO4. 2– = sulfate.Lewis structure po33. +1 Dec 30 2022 · The Lewis structure of hydronium [H3O]+ ion consists of an . The formal charge on the sulfur atom in the resonance structure of sulfur .Scn resonance structures. 1 day ago — The possible resonance structures for the thiocyanate ion SCN are G=c=N" . charge approximately equally between sulfur and nitrogen.P4s3 structure. 2 days ago — P4S7 gives P4S3 and sulfur reversibly. . Ions have oxidation numbers equal to their charge. com Oct 15, 2019 · Atomic structure (188) .Lewis Structure For So3 2 - Daunpedia.com. See Answer Question: based on the formal charge, what is the best lewis structure . Is there are charges on sulfur atom in sulfite ion lewis structure?Naming Ionic Compounds Pogil. 23 hours ago — In an ionic compound, the net ionic charge is _____. . involving these ions, using the simplest ratio(s) of iron (Fe) and sulfur (S).Nii2 cation and anion. Mar 8, 2023 · The NiI₂ cation is a positively charged ion of Nickel and . OH + hydoxyl cation: 1: HS-mercapto anion-1: HS + sulfur monohydride cation: 1: .Ki ionic or molecular. Ionic compounds are charged ions, whereas molecular compounds consist of . LiOH I Lithium hydroxide SO 3 M Sulfur trioxide H Is ki molecular or ionic?Hso4 lewis structure. For the central sulfur atomIn order to calculate the formal charge on HSO4 (hydrogen sulfate ion), you should know the Lewis dot structure of HSO4 (hydrogen .Chemical bonding worksheet with answers pdf. (C) 2 Hydrogen + 1 Sulfur (A) Fluorine + Fluorine onlg reds 9 B I (B) 3 Hydrogen + . An ionic bond forms between a metal ion with a positive charge and a .Agbr ionic or covalent. For instance, the oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur involve covalent bonding, . The positively charged sodium ion and negatively charged chlorine ion .Po43- shape - eggen witgoed service. This chemistry video tutorial explains how to draw the lewis structure of PO4 3-, the phosphate ion. It also discusses the formal charge and resonance .Aluminum Sulfur—Is This How the Future Spells Lithium Ion?. Sep 7, 2022 — Low-cost, nonflammable battery could be ideal for residential energy storage and EV charging stations.Manipulating Sulfur Conversion Kinetics through Interfacial .. 22 hours ago — (8,10) Besides, the ionic/electric insulativity of both sulfur and . (11) During the charge process, the high activation barrier of Li2S .Lewis dot structure for o2. For the peroxide ion, Oxygen has six valence electrons. $endgroup$ –Gallium Lewis dot structure with sulfur (Ga 2 S 3) Gallium Lewis dot structure with .Element Charges Chart - How to Know the Charge of an Atom. Sep 17, 2020 — How to Find the Charge of an Element ; 14, silicon, 4+, 4- ; 15, phosphorus, 5+, 3+, 3- ; 16, sulfur, 2-, 2+, 4+, 6+ ; 17, chlorine, 1-.How to work out ionic formula and name ionic compounds .. If a metal that forms a singly charged positive ion M+, forms an ionic sulfide compound M2S, the charge on the sulfur ion must be 2– i.e. S2–, to balance .Cracking In Lithium-ion Batteries Speeds Up Electric .. 6 days ago — Rather than being solely detrimental, cracks in the positive electrode of lithium-ion batteries reduce battery charge time, research done at .Solid Power: Home. Designed to be safer, offer higher energy and cost less than lithium-ion. · Designed to power longer-range, lower-cost, safer electric vehicles · Sulfide-based .Amprius unveils ultra-high-power-high-energy lithium-ion .. 6 days ago — In addition, the new ultra-high-power cell boasts an ultra-fast charging (UFC) capability, reaching 80 percent charge in approximately six .Artificer - Risk of Rain 2 Wiki - Fandom. Skills · ENV Suit · Flame Bolt · Plasma Bolt · Charged Nano-Bomb · Cast Nano-Spear · Snapfreeze · Flamethrower · Ion Surge.